Custom Exception Classes

Domain-Specific Exceptions

class InsufficientFundsException : public runtime_error {
    double shortfall;
public:
    InsufficientFundsException(double s)
        : runtime_error("Insufficient funds"), shortfall(s) {}

    double getShortfall() const { return shortfall; }
};

void withdraw(double& balance, double amount) {
    if (amount > balance)
        throw InsufficientFundsException(amount - balance);
    balance -= amount;
}

try {
    double bal = 50.0;
    withdraw(bal, 100.0);
} catch (const InsufficientFundsException& e) {
    cout << e.what() << " Short by: " << e.getShortfall();
}

Exception hierarchy

std::exception
  ├── std::runtime_error
  └── std::logic_error
        ├── std::invalid_argument
        └── std::out_of_range

Your Task

Create ValidationError extending invalid_argument with a getField() method.
Write parseAge(int n) that throws ValidationError("age") if n < 0 or n > 150.